Hmmr Acts as a Key Regulator in the ADSCs Proliferation and Mitosis.

Obesity is a common chronic health problem that requires lifelong efforts for the successful treatment. The proliferation of ADSCs is an essential step in the development of obesity. Identifying key regulators of ADSCs will be a novel strategy for adipogenesis inhibition and obesity prevention. In this study, transcriptomes of 15532 ADSCs were firstly profiled by single cell RNA-sequencing. On the basis of gene expression patterns, 15 cell subpopulations (six defined cell types) were distinguished. A subpopulation was identified as CD168+ ADSCs, and it was demonstrated to play a vital role in ADSCs proliferation. Furthermore, Hmmr, a specific marker gene of CD168+ ADSCs was found to be a critical gene associated with ADSCs proliferation and mitosis. Hmmr knockout resulted that ADSCs growth nearly arrested and aberrant nuclear division occurred. Finally, it was revealed that Hmmr promoted ADSCs proliferation through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway. This study identified Hmmr as a key regulator in ADSCs proliferation and mitosis, and suggested that Hmmr may be a novel target for obesity prevention.

Application of customized integration titanium mesh in the treatment of complicated zygomatic complex fractures: A prospective randomized clinical study.

The present study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the outcomes of the application of customized integration titanium mesh (CITM) in treating unilateral complicated zygomatic complex fractures. A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study was conducted. Patients were randomly divided into the experimental group who underwent treatment with CITM, and the control group who underwent treatment just with traditional titanium plates. The X2 test and student t-test were used for statistical analyses. Twenty patients who required surgery for unilateral complicated zygomatic complex fracture were included in this study. The results showed that the mean of average distance (AD) between pre- and postoperative CT measurements was 0.487 mm in the experimental group and 1.173 mm in the control group (P < 0.001). Compared with the control group, the experimental group had superior zygomatico-facial symmetry (P＜0.05), a shorter average operation time (150 min versus 229 min; P < 0.001), and a higher rate of anatomic reduction (80.0% versus 30.0%; P＜0.05). In conclusion, CITM deserves to be promoted for the treatment of complicated zygomatic complex fractures. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR1800016818).

Application of computer-assisted surgery techniques in the management of zygomatic complex fractures.

Patients suffering from zygomatic complex fractures always present facial deformity and dysfunctions, and thereafter develop psychological and physiological problems. It is really hard to get an ideal prognosis for the zygomatic complex fractures because of the complicated anatomical structures. Computer-assisted surgery techniques, as the new emerging auxiliary methods, can optimize the surgical protocol, predict operation outcomes, and improve the accuracy and quality of the operation. Meanwhile the postoperative complications can be reduced effectively. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the application of computer-assisted surgery techniques in the management of zygomatic complex fractures.

Does Intraoperative Navigation Improve the Anatomical Reduction of Intracapsular Condylar Fractures?

PURPOSE: Accurate reduction of intracapsular condylar fractures is the key to successful reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint and remains a challenge for oral and maxillofacial surgeons. The aim of the study was to evaluate quantitatively the effect of surgical navigation on the accuracy of reduction of intracapsular fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective randomized nonblinded controlled clinical trial, patients diagnosed with intracapsular condylar fractures who were scheduled for surgical treatment were included and randomized to open treatment with or without surgical navigation. The primary predictor variable was surgical navigation. The primary outcome variable was the average distance (AD) between preoperative and postoperative computed tomographic measurements. The second outcome variable was the rate of anatomic reduction. The χ2 test and independent-samples t test were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: Twenty patients (33 sides) with intracapsular condylar fractures were enrolled and treated with open surgery (13 male, 7 female; mean age, 28.65 yr; range, 13 to 54 yr). Of these, 10 patients (16 sides) and 10 patients (17 sides) were treated, respectively, with and without surgical navigation technology. All patients underwent follow-up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. The mean AD was 0.5235 mm in the navigation group and 1.170 mm in the control group (P < .001). The rate of anatomic reduction was 93.8% in the navigation group and 88.2% in the control group (P = .58). The results indicated that a more precise reduction was achieved in the navigation group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: According to the study results, the rate of anatomic reduction increased and the ADs decreased in the navigation group compared with the control group. Therefore, surgical navigation could increase the accuracy of reduction during the surgical treatment of intracapsular condylar fractures.

Does the Deep Layer of the Deep Temporalis Fascia Really Exist?

PURPOSE: It has been widely accepted that a split of the deep temporal fascia occurs approximately 2 to 3 cm above the zygomatic arch and extends into the superficial and deep layers. The deep layer of the deep temporal fascia is between the superficial temporal fat pad and the temporal muscle. However, during procedures, the authors noted the absence of the deep layer of the deep temporal fascia between the superficial temporal fat pad and the temporal muscle. This prospective study was conducted to clarify the presence or absence of a deep layer of the deep temporal fascia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anatomic layers of the soft tissues of the temporal region, with reference to the deep temporal fascia, were investigated in 130 cases operated on for zygomaticofacial fractures using the supratemporal approach from June 2013 to June 2017. RESULTS: Of 130 surgeries, the authors found the absence of a thick, obviously identifiable, fascial layer between the superficial temporal fat pad and the temporal muscle. In fact, the authors found nothing above the temporal muscle in most cases. In a few cases, the authors observed only a small amount of scattered loose connective tissue between the superficial temporal fat pad and the temporal muscle. CONCLUSIONS: This clinical study showed the absence of a thick, obviously identifiable, fascial layer between the superficial temporal fat pad and the temporal muscle, which suggests that a "deep layer of the deep temporal fascia" might not exist.